Arooj Zulfiqar

Salinity poses a significant challenge in Pakistan, leading to various socio-economic issues, particularly impacting irrigated agriculture and causing food insecurity. In a discussion with WealthPK, Dr. Muhammad Hanif, senior scientific officer at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), said, "The impact of salinity on agriculture is multifaceted. High salt levels hinder plant growth, reduce soil fertility, and compromise the ability of crops to absorb essential nutrients. As a result, yields are significantly reduced, posing a direct threat to the livelihoods of millions of farmers who depend on agriculture for their income." "If immediate action is not taken, the consequences could be dire. Pakistan, already facing challenges such as a growing population and water scarcity, cannot afford to ignore the looming crisis. The agricultural sector, which plays a pivotal role in the country's economy, is at risk of severe setbacks that can have far-reaching implications for both rural and urban communities," he warned. "Excessive salt rates negatively impact the biological, chemical, and physical characteristics of soils, influencing the activity of soil microbes and plant roots, ultimately affecting crop growth and output," he said.

The world loses 1.5 million hectares annually to salinity – a phenomenon that can complicate food security-related problems in the days to come. Dr. Hanif highlighted that a substantial portion of Pakistan was affected by salinity, given its semi-arid and arid region with a subtropical continental climate experiencing salinization. In 2017, Pakistan incurred a $28.5 million loss in crop production due to salinity, with the annual economic impact totalling $300 million. Wheat, a key food crop, experienced an average production loss of 65 percent in moderately saline lands. To mitigate losses, Pakistan must develop crop varieties resilient to saline soils. There is a need for extensive research to minimize the impact of salinity on crops and achieve more resilient agricultural outcomes. The government must implement a comprehensive strategy to address this issue, which includes improving water management practices, and promoting sustainable irrigation methods.

Credit: INP-WealthPk