Farooq Awan

Pakistan has recorded steady progress in education outcomes, with improvements in literacy, school enrolment and access to education across the country, according to the latest findings of the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2024–25.

The national literacy rate increased to 63 percent, up from 60 percent in the previous survey cycle, reflecting continued gains in basic education. The improvement was observed across both urban and rural areas, although disparities remain between provinces. Punjab recorded the highest literacy rate at 68 percent, while Balochistan remained at the lower end with 49 percent.

The survey also shows a consistent rise in school enrolment at all key education levels. Net enrolment at the primary level increased from 66 percent to 68 percent, while enrolment at the middle level rose from 38 percent to 40 percent. At the matric level, enrolment improved from 27 percent to 30 percent, indicating improved retention through the education system.

Alongside these gains, the proportion of out-of-school children declined from 30 percent to 28 percent, signalling improved access to education nationwide. Punjab recorded the lowest share of out-of-school children at 21 percent, while Balochistan continued to face the highest rate at 49 percent, underscoring persistent regional disparities in educational access.

Gender-based indicators also showed improvement. The Gender Parity Index (GPI) for literacy increased from 69 percent to 74 percent, reflecting a narrowing gender gap in basic education. At the primary level, gender parity improved from 92 percent to 97 percent, while at the secondary level it rose from 89 percent to 91 percent, indicating steady progress in girls’ participation across schooling stages.

The survey findings suggest that improved access to education is closely linked with broader socio-economic improvements, including better household conditions and increased awareness of the importance of schooling. Expanded education infrastructure and continued public investment have also contributed to higher enrolment and reduced dropout rates.

The HIES 2024–25, conducted as Pakistan’s first fully digital household survey, provides a comprehensive picture of education outcomes across the country. The data highlight measurable progress in expanding access to education while also pointing to the need for continued focus on lagging regions and populations to ensure inclusive and equitable learning opportunities nationwide.

Credit: INP-WealthPk